Climate Classification of Pakistan

Abstract

The research covenants amid the evaluation and analysis of the weather data in regards to mean monthly temperature, precipitation, rainy days, relative humidity, wind direction, atmospheric pressure, evaporation, solar radiation and with the literature cited. The components getting fluctuation in the atmospheric condition comprise of global location, vicinity to ocean, geomorphic reliefs and continental extent, maritime affects, forests and landuse. Based on the daily and monthly temperature, the study area has divided into five localities consisting of hot, warm, mild, cool, and cold. Besides, the five precipitation zones namely arid, semi-arid, sub-humid, humid and undifferentiated highlands have been distinguished during course of work. Generally, eastern longitudes of the country get substantial downpours amid summers (monsoon season). Though the western areas in winters excluding Gilgit Baltistan, where it is from local thunderstorms. Pakistan encounters four precipitation seasons namely winter, pre-monsoon, monsoon, and post monsoon rainfall. Because of sub-tropical vicinity, the country has experienced two fundamental seasons explicitly winter and summer. Generally, the summer period goes on for five months in mountains and seven months in plains, whilst the winter period differs for seven months in mountains and five months in plains. The stated two essential rainy periods are auxiliary sub-isolated into four sub-spells to be precisely hot, warm, monsoon and cold season. Based on appropriation and fluctuation of climate variables, Pakistan is classified in five macro areas that auxiliary sub-curved up into 18 meso and 46 micro scale climate regions.