Evaluation of Hardness of Ground Drinking Water in Vehari, Pakistan

Abstract

Ground water contamination has become a major concern in recent years. Hard water is considered a primary cause of many health-relating issues due to its unsuitability for drinking, domestic, industrial and agricultural purposes. Current studies were performed to explore the degree of hardness in drinking water of the selected areas of Vehari city, Pakistan. For this purpose, ten water samples were collected and analyzed. This research involves present practices and easy approaches to evaluate the quality of drinking water. The tested samples have shown pH 7.3-7.7, temperature 27-32⁰C and TDS value of 545-1155 mg/L. The hardness of tested water samples was found in the range of 110-530 mg/L by titration method. The soap solution method demonstrated the degree of hardness (d^ᵒTH) in the range of 19.8-35.41. The obtained results were compared with the national and international standards worldwide. The drinking water of investigated areas was found hard, contaminated and unsuitable.