Pre and Post-Development Concerns of High–Rise Housing Density Revisited

Abstract

The demand for high-rise housing in Malaysia continues to rise, driven by urbanisation and land scarcity. While high-rise developments address spatial constraints, they present challenges related to environmental sustainability, social dynamics, and urban quality of life. This study aims to analyse high-rise housing density within the Malaysian context, focusing on pre-development and post-development stages and evaluating the planning methodologies employed by local authorities. A qualitative research approach was employed, integrating a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) and Thematic Analysis. Data mining techniques using Keywords in Context (KWIC) identified critical themes, and qualitative analysis software (Atlas.ti.8) was used to process 150 datasets, including journal articles, policy documents, and government reports. The research refined these datasets through thematic coding into 30 core references that underpin the findings. The study reveals significant inconsistencies in how density standards are applied, often resulting in environmental degradation, social challenges, and infrastructure strain. While Malaysian planning authorities rely heavily on gross and net density metrics, comparisons with international benchmarks, such as those in Singapore and Japan, highlight the potential for integrating advanced digital tools and alternative density measures to enhance planning outcomes. Future research should explore the application of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Building Information Modelling (BIM) to improve density planning. Additionally, long-term studies on Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) initiatives and strategies for retrofitting high-density developments to enhance liveability and sustainability are recommended. This study advances understanding by offering a nuanced framework for addressing high-rise housing density and its implications for sustainable urban growth.