Thermal Properties of Rocks and Environmental Sustainability: A Review

Abstract

Sustainable environments and the pursuit of alternative energy supplies are central to modern societies. At the
same time the global warming is emerging as a serious issue for all nations. In contrast to the physical and mechanical
properties of rocks, the thermal properties of rocks provide information on its potential for alternative thermal energy
sources. This study examines the earlier research studies on the evaluation of rocks' thermal properties, with a particular
emphasis on geothermal potential, dimension stone thermal comfort, and indirect evaluation utilizing characteristics
including porosity, moisture content, P-wave velocity, and mineral composition. The transient approach and steady state
technique were used to evaluate thermal characteristics of rocks. Given that Pakistan is among the nations adversely
affected by global warming, it is imperative to investigate alternative energy sources and sustainable materials. This study
aims to provide directions to enhance the knowledge base for future research to analyze thermal properties of rocks
occurring in Pakistan and how strategically these rocks may be utilized to reduce global warming through environment
sustainability and zero carbon emissions for achieving sustainable development goals.